為什麼運動愈多的人顯老?
- 人類攝食的營養,包括醣類、脂肪和蛋白質,分解到最後都要氧化變成能量。氧化就是呼吸進來的氧氣和這些物質在粒線體中結合成水的過程。氧化產生帶能量的NADH或FADH2,再經由電子傳遞鏈將能量傳給ATP。
- 電子傳遞鏈有時會出錯,大約一萬個電子傳遞會產生3個自由基,氧化反應越多,自由基就越多。運動消耗能量有利健康和瘦身,但是激烈的運動要靠氧氣燃燒體內的能量,也增加粒線體產生自由基的機會。過多的自由基使運動員的皮膚老化,運動選手外表看起來比實際年齡「臭老」,就是這個道理。
- 要避免運動後自由基太多的傷害,可在運動前後補充維他命C等抗氧化食品,幫助脂肪燃燒又可享有運動的好處,避免運動的壞處。
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「Obese people and those desiring to lose weight should perform hard work before food. Meals should be taken after exertion and still panting from fatigue.」
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[5]一天補充3g的維生素C,相當於500毫克的維生素C片,一次吃兩顆,一天吃三次;但是,不用怕吃進過多,因為維生素C屬水溶性,多餘的部分會隨著尿液排出體外。
[6]Johnson KL, Clifford MN, Morgan LM. Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:728-733